1. Kunzwisisa Stocks
mumatanda, inowanzonzi mashares kana equities, zviridzwa zvemari zvinomiririra muridzi wekambani. Paunotenga stock, uri kutenga chikamu chekambani, ichikuita iwe mugoveri. Izvi zvinokupa kudai pane chikamu chemidziyo uye mihoro yekambani.
Semuyenzaniso, kana kambani iine zvikamu chiuru zvemasheya akatanhamara uye iwe uine zana, une 1,000% yekambani. Zvakakosha kuziva, zvisinei, kuti kuva nekambani yekambani hazvirevi kuti une chaunotaura mukushanda kwezuva nezuva kwebhizimisi. Izvo, zvisinei, zvinokupa iwe kodzero yekuvhota pamusangano wepagore wekambani uye kugamuchira chero migove yakaziviswa.
Zvikamu chimwe chikamu chepurofiti yekambani inogoverwa kune vanogovana. Haasi ese makambani anobhadhara migove, kunyanya iwo ari mukukura maindasitiri senge tekinoroji, uko purofiti inowanzodzoserwa mubhizinesi.
Mastock ari traded pakuchinjana kwakadai seNew York Stock Exchange (NYSE) kana iyo NASDAQ. Mutengo wemari inotarirwa nekupa uye kudiwa mumusika. Kana vanhu vazhinji vachida kutenga stock (inoda) pane kuitengesa (kupa), ipapo mutengo unokwira kumusoro. Sezvineiwo, kana vanhu vazhinji vaida kutengesa stock pane kuitenga, paizove nekupa kukuru pane kudiwa, uye mutengo waizodonha.
Kudyara mumasheya kunogona kuve nzira ine simba yekuvaka hupfumi nekufamba kwenguva, sezvo kukosha kwemakambani aunodyara mariri kuchikura. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kuisa mari mumasheya kunouyawo nenjodzi. Kukosha kwemasheya kunogona kudzika pamwe nekukwira, uye pane nguva dzose mukana wekuti kambani inogona kubuda mubhizinesi.
tsvakurudzo chinhu chakakosha pakuisa mari mumasheya. Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise maitiro ebhizinesi rekambani, chinzvimbo chayo chekukwikwidza muindasitiri, uye hutano hwemari. Izvi zvinogona kukubatsira kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo uye nekudzikisa dzimwe njodzi dzine chekuita nekudyara mumasheya.
1.1. Definition of Stocks
Munyika yekutengeserana, mumatanda kubata chinzvimbo cheukoshi hukuru. Vanomiririra rudzi rwekudyara rwunokutendera kuti uve nechidimbu cheruzhinji-traded kambani. Paunotenga stock yekambani, uri kutenga chidimbu chekambani iyoyo, inozivikanwa se mugove. Mugove uyu unokupa chikumbiro pamidziyo uye mihoro yekambani.
mumatanda anowanzo kunzi equities nokuti vanopa muridzi kuenzana, kana kuti umiridzi, mukambani. Uridzi uhwu hunouya nekukwanisa kuwana mubairo wemari muchimiro chemibairo, inova chikamu chemihoro yekambani inogoverwa kuvaridzi. Nekudaro, kuve nemasheya kunotakurawo ngozi. Kukosha kwemasheya kunogona kuchinjika, dzimwe nguva zvinoshamisa, zvichibva pane zvinhu kubva kuhutano hwemari hwekambani kusvika kumamiriro ehupfumi.
Kunaka kwemasheya kuri mukukwanisa kwavo kukura. Nokufamba kwenguva, makambani anoita zvakanaka anogona kuwedzera kukosha, zvichiita kuti mutengo wematengo avo ukwire. Izvi zvinopa vane masheya mukana wekutengesa migove yavo kuti vawane purofiti. Kunyanya kufadza, mamwe mashizha anogona kupa mari inopfuurira kuburikidza nezvikamu, kunyange kana mutengo wekutengesa usingawedzere.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti urangarire izvo mumatanda haisi nzira yakavimbiswa yekuita mari. Ivo mhando ye equity investment, zvichireva kuti vanotakura mukana wekudzoka kwepamusoro asiwo nekurasikirwa kukuru. Kiyi yekubudirira kwekudyara kwemasheya iri mukunzwisisa makambani aunodyara mariri, kusiyanisa portfolio yako, uye kutora maonero enguva refu.
Muchidimbu, masheya anokupa iwe mukana wekukura hupfumi hwako uye unogona kuwana mari. Iwo chikamu chakakosha chechero chekudyara portfolio uye chinhu chakakosha chekuronga kwemari kwenguva refu. Asi, zvinodawo kunyatsofungwa uye kunzwisiswa. Sezvo a trader, basa rako nderekutenderera nyika ine simba yemasheya neruzivo, zano, uye ziso rakajeka pamukana.
1.2. Types of Stocks
Tichinyura mukati menyika yekutengeserana, tinosangana nemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzemasheya, imwe neimwe iine hunhu hwayo uye mabhenefiti angangove. Chekutanga, tine Common Stocks, idzo dziri mhando dzakapararira. Vanopa chikamu chakaenzanirana mupurofiti uye kurasikirwa kwekambani, uye vanouya nekodzero dzekuvhota pamisangano yevanogovana.
Tevere kumusoro, tinayo Preferred Stocks. Aya akafanana neyakasanganiswa yemasheya nemabhondi. Vanoda mastockholders vanonakidzwa nechikwereti chepamusoro pamihoro yekambani uye midziyo, vachiwana migove pamberi pevaridzi vemasheya. Zvisinei, kazhinji havana kodzero dzekuvhota.
Kune avo vanoda zvishoma zvekunakirwa kwenyika, varipo Foreign Stocks. Aya ndiwo masheya mumakambani ari kunze kwenyika yako. Kuisa mari mumasheya ekunze kunogona kusiyanisa portfolio yako, asi inouyawo nedzimwe njodzi, sekuchinja kwemari uye kusava nechokwadi kwenzvimbo.
Zvadaro tine Kukura Kwezvitoro uye Value Stocks. Mashizha ekukura ndeemakambani anotarisirwa kukura neavhareji yepamusoro zvichienzaniswa nemamwe makambani. Ivo havawanzobhadhara migove, sezvavanodzosera mari yavo mukuwedzera kukura. Nekune rimwe divi, masheya ekukosha ndeemakambani anoonekwa seasingakosheswi kana achienzaniswa nehukoshi hwawo hwemukati. Ivo vanowanzobhadhara migove uye inogona kuve sarudzo yakanaka kune vanoisa mari-yakatarisana nemari.
Chekupedzisira, tinazvo Bhuruu-Chip Masheya. Aya ndiwo magove mumakambani makuru, akadzikama, uye akagadzikana mune zvemari ane nhoroondo yekushanda kwakavimbika. Ndiwo 'mabheti akachengeteka' epasirese, anowanzo kubhadhara migove.
Rangarira, imwe neimwe yeaya mastock mhando inotakura yayo yega yenjodzi uye mibairo. Sarudzo yako inofanirwa kuenderana nezvinangwa zvako zvekudyara, kushivirira njodzi, uye nguva yenguva.
1.3. Mashandiro Anoita Mastock
Fungidzira musika uri mubishi, uzere nevatengesi, mumwe nemumwe achitengesa chikamu chekambani. Ichi ndicho chimiro chemashandiro anoita masheya. Paunotenga stock, uri kutenga a chikamu chidiki chekambani, chikamu chekubudirira kwavo (kana kukundikana). Zvakafanana nekuva nechidimbu chemusika unobatikana, usinganetseke nemazuva ese ekufambisa bhizinesi.
Kukosha kwemasheya kunotarirwa nezviuru zvezvinhu, zvinosanganisira mihoro yekambani, hupfumi, uye manzwiro evanodyara. Zviri a dynamic process, nemitengo ichichinja-chinja sezvo vatengi nevatengesi vachimhanya-mhanya kuti vawane dhiri yakanaka. Kana kambani ikaita zvakanaka, mutengo wayo wemasheya unowanzo wedzera. Kune rumwe rutivi, kusashanda zvakanaka kunogona kukonzera kuderera kwemutengo wemari.
Iwe unoita mari mumusika wemasheya munzira mbiri huru: capital gains uye dividends. Kuwana mari kunoitika kana iwe uchitengesa stock kune yakawanda kupfuura iwe yawakabhadhara. Zvikamu, kune rumwe rutivi, chikamu chepurofiti yekambani inogoverwa kune vanogovana.
Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuyeuka izvozvo masheya anouya nenjodzi. Musika wemari hauzivikanwi uye mitengo inogona kudonha pamwe chete nekukwira. Unogona kurasikirwa neimwe, kana kunyangwe yese, yekudyara kwako. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti uite tsvagiridzo yako uye utarise zvibodzwa zvako zvemari uye kushivirira njodzi usati wanyura mukati.
Munyika yemasheya, ruzivo isimba. Paunonzwisisa zvakanyanya nezve mashandiro anoita masheya, unobva washongedzerwa zvirinani kufamba pamusika uye kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo. Saka, simudza maoko ako uye tanga kudzidza nezve inonakidza nyika yemasheya. Mushure mezvose, kuve nechidimbu chekambani hakusi kungoita mari chete, asi zvakare nezvekuve chikamu chehupfumi hwakakura uye kubatsira mukukura kwayo.
1.4. Sei Makambani Achipa Masheya
Kupinda munzvimbo yemusika wemasheya, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise chikonzero chikuru nei makambani achiburitsa masheya. Pazvakanyanya kukosha, kambani inoburitsa masheya kukwidza capital. Iri idanho rine hurongwa kudzivirira kuunganidza chikwereti. Panzvimbo yekukwereta mari uye kubhadhara mubereko, vanotengesa chidimbu chebhizinesi ravo kune vanoisa mari. Iri capital rinogona kushandiswa kupa mari yekutsvaga nekusimudzira, kuwedzera mashandiro, kana kubhadhara zvikwereti zviripo.
Kuburitsa masheya inopawo makambani mukana wekukwezva nekuchengetedza vashandi vane tarenda. Nekupa sarudzo dzemasheya, makambani anogona kukurudzira vashandi kuti vashande mukukura uye kubudirira kwebhizinesi. Mushure mezvose, kana kambani ikaita zvakanaka, masheya avo achawedzera kukosha, achigadzira kukunda-kukunda mamiriro kune vese kambani nemushandi.
Uyezve, kuenda kuruzhinji kuburikidza neInitial Public Offering (IPO) inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya mukurumbira wekambani. Chiratidzo chekukura uye kubudirira, izvo zvinogona kukwezva vamwe vanoisa mari uye kugadzira kushambadza kwakanaka.
Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kuburitsa masheya kunorevawo kugovana kutonga. Vabati vemasheya vane kodzero dzekuvhota, uye boka rakakura zvakakwana rinogona kukanganisa sarudzo dzekambani. Ichi ndicho chikonzero makambani mazhinji anosarudza kuchengeta chikamu chakakosha chematokisi avo kuti varambe vachidzora.
Naizvozvo, kubudisa masheya idanho rakarongeka rinogona kukurudzira kukura, kukwezva tarenda, uye kuwedzera mukurumbira, ukuwo kugovera humiridzi hwebhizinesi nevanoita mari. Semunhu anodyara mari, kunzwisisa zvinokurudzira izvi zvinogona kukubatsira kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo mumusika wemasheya.
1.5. Basa reStocks mu Investment Portfolio
Mugungwa rakakura rekudyara sarudzo, mumatanda kumira sechinhu chine simba chekugadzira hupfumi. Ivo vanomiririra chidimbu chemuridzi mukambani uye vanopa mukana weiyo yakakosha kudzoka kwemari. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti masheya haazi tikiti rekupfuma nekukurumidza. Ivo kuzvipira kwenguva refu kunoda kushivirira, zano, uye kunzwisisa kwakanyanya kwemusika.
Kuisa mari mumasheya kunokubvumira kuti uve muridzi wekambani. Izvi zvinoreva kuti sezvo kambani inokura nekubudirira, ndizvo zvinoitawo mari yako. Kukosha kwemari yako kunowedzera, zvichiita kuti kukoshesa mari. Zvakare, makambani mazhinji anogovera chikamu chemari yaanowana kune vanogovana muchimiro che zvikamu, ichipa mari yakadzikama.
Asi, masheya ane ngozi. Musika wemasheya unoshanduka, uye mitengo inogona kuchinjika zvakanyanya munguva pfupi. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kusiyanisa portfolio yako nemusanganiswa wemasheya, mabhondi, uye zvimwe zvinhu kuparadzira njodzi. Apa ndipo apo basa remasheya muinvestment portfolio rinove rakakosha.
Portfolio diversification inzira yekugadzirisa njodzi inosanganisa zvakasiyana siyana zvekudyara mukati mepodfolio. Chikonzero chehunyanzvi uhu chinopokana kuti portfolio yakavakwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzekudyara, paavhareji, inounza mibairo yakawanda uye inoisa njodzi yakaderera pane chero munhu anowanikwa mukati mepotfolio. Mastock anoita basa rakakosha mukusiyana uku.
Kunyange zvazvo mabhondi achipa mari yakadzikama uye kazhinji asina njodzi, anopawo zvikwereti zvakaderera. Kune rimwe divi, masheya, ane mukana wavo wekudzoka kwakakwirira, anogona kuenzanisa yakaderera njodzi-yakaderera yekudzoka mbiri yemabhondi. Iyi chiyero inogona kubatsira kuwana kugadzikana uye kunoenderana kudzoka pane yako yekudyara portfolio.
Muchidimbu, masheya anogona kuve chinhu chakakosha chekudyara kwako portfolio. Ivo vanopa mukana wekukura uye mari, uye kana ichishandiswa pamwe nemamwe marudzi ekudyara, inogona kubatsira kubata njodzi uye inogona kuwedzera kudzoka. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kushivirira kwako njodzi uye zvinangwa zvekudyara usati wapinda munyika yemasheya. Kudyara mumasheya hakusi kwekutora vanokunda chete, asiwo nezvekunzwisisa uye kugadzirisa njodzi dzinogona kuitika.
2. Kutanga neStock Trading
Stock kutengesa ibasa rinonakidza, asi zvakakosha kuti unzwisise zvakakosha usati wanyura mukati. Nyika yezvitoro yakakura uye yakasiyana-siyana, ichipa mikana yakawanda kune avo vanoshinga kufamba mumvura yaro ine mhirizhonga.
Chekutanga, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti stock chii. Mune chimiro chayo chakareruka, stock inomiririra chikamu mumuridzi wekambani. Paunotenga stock, uri kutenga chidimbu chemidziyo yekambani uye mihoro. Izvi zvinokupa iwe kodzero yechikamu chepurofiti yekambani uye kutaura mune yayo huru sarudzo.
Chechipiri, unofanira kunzwisisa kuti musika wemasheya unoshanda sei. Musika wemasheya inzvimbo yemusika umo vatengi nevatengesi trade stocks. Mutengo wemasheya unotarwa nekupa uye kudiwa, uye inochinja mukati mezuva rese rekutengesa. Chinangwa chekutengeserana kwemari ndechekutenga mashizha nemutengo wakaderera uye kutengesa nemutengo wakakwirira kuti uwane purofiti.
Chechitatu, iwe unofanirwa kuziva maitiro ekuongorora masheya. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutarisa zvirevo zvemari zvekambani, kudzidza mashandiro ayo, uye kuongorora tarisiro yayo yeramangwana. Izvo zvakakoshawo kufunga nezvese mamiriro ehupfumi uye hutano hweindasitiri iyo kambani inoshanda.
Pakupedzisira, unofanira kugadzira a urongwa hwokutengesa. Ichi chirongwa chekuita chinotungamira sarudzo dzako dzekutengesa. Inofanirwa kufunga nezvezvinangwa zvako zvemari, kushivirira njodzi, uye horizon yekudyara. Kunyangwe iwe ukasarudza kutora-yenguva refu yekutenga-uye-kubata zano kana yenguva pfupi yezuva rekutengesa nzira, kuve neyakajeka uye yakanyatsofungwa zano ndiyo kiyi pakubudirira kwekutengesa masheya.
Rangarira, kutengeserana kwemasheya hakusi kupfuma-nekukurumidza chirongwa. Zvinoda nguva, simba, uye mwero wakanaka weshiviriro. Asi neruzivo rwakakwana uye zano, inogona kuve nzira ine mubairo yekukura hupfumi hwako. Tikugashirei pasirese rekutengesa masheya - nyika yezvisingaperi mukana uye zvinofadza zvinonetsa.
2.1. Iyo Basics yeStock Trading
Stock kutengesa inyika inonakidza, uwandu hwenhamba, machati, uye jargon zvingaita sezvinotyisa kune vasina kuziva. Asi usatya! Nekunzwisisa kwakasimba kwezvakakosha, unogona kufamba ichi chakaoma chadenga zviri nyore.
Musika wemasheya inzvimbo yemusika umo vatengi nevatengesi trade migove yeruzhinji traded makambani. Migove iyi, kana mumatanda, inomiririra muridzi wekambani. Paunotenga stock, uri kutenga chikamu chidiki chekambani iyoyo, ichikuita iwe mugoveri.
Mune chimiro chayo chakareruka, chinangwa chekutengesa masheya ndechekutenga zvakaderera uye kutengesa zvakakwirira. Iwe unotenga masheya kana iwe uchitenda kukosha kwawo kuchawedzera nekufamba kwenguva, uye tengesa kana iwe uchifunga kuti kukosha kwavo kwakwira. Zvisinei, haisi nguva dzose yakananga sezvainonzwika. Kushamisika kwemusika uye zviuru zvezvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa mutengo westock, zvichiita kuti nguva ye tradesa yakakosha yekutengeserana kwakabudirira.
Pane nzira mbiri huru dzekutengesa masheya: zuva wokutengesera uye yenguva refu yekudyara. Zuva traders kutenga uye kutengesa masheya mukati mezuva rimwe chete, vachitora mutengo wekushanduka kwemutengo kwenguva pfupi. Vatengi venguva refu, kune rumwe rutivi, vanotenga masheya nechinangwa chekuvabata kwemakore akati wandei, vachibhejera kukura kwavo kwenguva refu.
Kunzwisisa marudzi akasiyana emaodha ndechimwe chinhu chakakosha chekutengesa kwemasheya. A mararamiro Chikumbiro chekutenga kana kutengesa masheya pamutengo wemusika uripo. A kugadzirisa kurongeka, zvisinei, chikumbiro chekutenga kana kutengesa stock pamutengo chaiwo kana zviri nani.
Chekupedzisira, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kutengeserana kwese kunosanganisira njodzi. Zvinogoneka kurasikirwa neimwe kana yese yako yekutanga investimendi. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti unyatso tsvagurudza chero stock usati wagadzira trade uye kungoisa mari yaunokwanisa kurasikirwa nayo.
Pakupedzisira, kubudirira kwekutengeserana kwemasheya kunoda moyo murefu, chirango, uye chido chekuita dzidza. Inyanzvi inogona kutora nguva kugona, asi nekutsungirira uye nekunzwisisa kwakasimba kwezvakakosha, unogona kuwana mibairo yakakosha.
2.2. Kusarudza Stock Broker
Kufamba-famba munyika yekutengeserana kwemasheya kunogona kunzwa senge labyrinth, asi rwendo rwunova rusina kutyisa negwara rakavimbika. Ndipo pane stockbroker anopinda. A unganidzabroker inoshanda segwara rako pachako, ichikubatsira kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo nezvekudyara kwako. Ivo vane marezinesi nyanzvi vanotenga nekutengesa zvibatiso vakamiririra vatengi vavo.
Nekudaro, hazvisi zvese stockbrokers akasikwa akaenzana. Kusarudza stock yakakodzerabroker inhanho yakakosha inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya rwendo rwako rwekutengesa. Iwe unozoda kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakaita semubhadharo, iyo broker's reputation, kunaka kwesevhisi yavo yevatengi, uye chikuva chekutengesa chavanopa.
Broker yechikoro inogona kudya mupurofiti yako, saka zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti yakawanda sei yako broker mhosva dze trades. Vamwe brokers inopa komisheni-yemahara trades, nepo vamwe vachichaja muripo wakafuratira pa trade.
The mbirikiro yako broker yakakosha zvakaenzana. Iwe unogona kushandisa zvishandiso zvakafanana BrokerCheck kuratidza magwaro a broker uye ona kana vaine zviito zvekuranga parekodhi yavo.
vatengi inogona kugadzira kana kuputsa ruzivo rwako rwekutengesa. Chakanaka broker ichapa kukurumidza uye inobatsira basa revatengi kugadzirisa chero nyaya dzaungave unadzo.
Pakupedzisira, the yekutengesa chikuva yakapiwa na broker inofanirwa kunge iri mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika uye yakashongedzerwa nematurusi anodiwa kuti akubatsire kuita zvine ruzivo sarudzo dzekutengesa. Vamwe brokers zvakare inopa zviwanikwa zvekudzidzisa kuti zvikubatsire kudzidza zvakawanda nezve stock market.
Rangarira, kusarudza stockbroker haisi sarudzo yekuitwa zvidiki. Tora nguva yako, ita tsvagiridzo yako, uye ita shuwa iwe sarudza a broker iyo inowirirana nezvinangwa zvako zvekutengesa uye maitiro.
2.3. Kugadzira Stock Trading Strategy
Kubudirira mumusika wemari haisi chibereko chetsaona; mhedzisiro yesarudzo dzakanyatsofungwa, dzakaverengerwa. Chinhu chakakosha pakuita sarudzo idzi kuve nehurongwa hwakasimba hwekutengesa masheya. Asi chii chaizvo chinonzi stock marketing strategy, uye unoigadzira sei?
A stock trading strategy seti yemitemo uye nhungamiro inoraira zviito zvako zvekutengesa. Zvakafanana nemepu yemugwagwa, inokutungamira munzvimbo dzinowanzo shanduka uye dzisingatarisike dzemusika wemasheya. Zvinokubatsira kuziva nguva yekutenga, nguva yekutengesa, uye nguva yekubata pastock.
Kugadzira dhizaini yekutengesa masheya kunosanganisira mashoma akakosha matanho. Kutanga, unofanira tsanangura zvinangwa zvako zvemari. Iwe uri kutsvaga yenguva refu capital capital, kana iwe unonyanya kufarira kuwana kwenguva pfupi? Zvinangwa zvako zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya nzira yako yekutengesa.
Tevere, iwe unofanirwa nzwisisa kushivirira kwako kwengozi. Uhwu ndihwo huwandu hwenjodzi yaunoda kutora pairi mumabasa ako ekutengesa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uve wakatendeseka kwauri pano - kana usiri kugadzikana nekudyara kwenjodzi huru, zviri nani kuomerera kune akachengeteka, ane fungidziro yemasheya.
Nhanho yechitatu mukugadzira hurongwa hwekutengesa masheya ndeye tsvakurudzo. Unofanira kudzidza nezvemusika, kunzwisisa mafambiro, uye kudzidza nezvemakambani auri kufarira kuisa mari maari. Danho iri rinogona kutora nguva, asi rakakosha pakuita sarudzo dzekutengesa uchiziva.
Pakupedzisira, unofanira edza zano rako. Tanga nekutengesa mapepa - izvi zvinosanganisira kuita zvekufungidzira trades yakavakirwa pamusika chaiwo data, asi pasina kuisa njodzi mari chaiyo. Kana uchinge wavimba nehurongwa hwako, unogona kutanga kuishandisa kune chaiyo-yepasi rese yekutengesa.
Rangarira, yakanaka stock trading strategy haina kuiswa mudombo. Inofanirwa kuve inochinjika uye ichichinjika, ichichinja paunowana ruzivo rwakawanda uye nekushanduka kwemamiriro emusika. Uye zvinonyanya kukosha, zvinofanirwa kuenderana nezvinangwa zvako zvemari uye kushivirira njodzi.
Kugadzira dhizaini yekutengesa masheya kunogona kuita sekunetsa pakutanga, asi nekufamba kwenguva, moyo murefu, uye nekunzwisisa kwakanyanya kwemusika wemasheya, inogona kuve kiyi yako yekubudirira kwemari.
2.4. Kunzwisisa Stock Trading Regulations
Usati wanyura uine chivimbo munyika yekutengeserana kwemasheya, zvakakosha kuti ubate iyo mitemo inokosha izvo zvinotonga musika uyu une simba. Pakati pemitemo iyi ndeye Dziviriro uye Dhivhisheni Commission (SEC), sangano rakaumbwa kuti ridzivirire vanoisa mari uye kuchengetedza misika yakanaka, yakarongeka, uye inobudirira. Iyo SEC inomanikidza kujeka, ichida kuti makambani eruzhinji aburitse zvine musoro mari uye mamwe ruzivo kune veruzhinji. Izvi zvinopa dziva rakajairika reruzivo kune vese vanoisa mari kuti vashandise kuzvitongera ivo pachavo kutenga, kutengesa, kana kubata imwe chengetedzo.
Uyezve, the Yemari Indasitiri Inodzora Chiremera (FINRA), mutongi akazvimirira, asiri wehurumende kumafemu ese ezvibatiso anoita bhizinesi muUnited States, anoitawo basa rakakosha. FINRA mitemo uye nhungamiro inovimbisa maitiro ehutsika, kuchengetedza zvido zvevanoisa mari.
Uyezve, mumwe nomumwe trader inofanira kutevedzera Muenzaniso Zuva Trader (PDT) mitemo. Mitemo iyi inotaura kuti chero trader anoita mazuva anopfuura mana trades munguva yemazuva mashanu-bhizinesi, nezuva trades inomiririra zvinopfuura zvikamu zvitanhatu kubva muzana zvezvese zvekutengesa zvemutengi munguva imwe chete iyoyo yemazuva mashanu, vanofanirwa kuchengetedza chiyero chidiki chemadhora makumi maviri nemashanu e6 mumaakaundi avo.
Pakupedzisira, traders inofanirwa kuziva nezve Wash-Sale Rule. Uyu mutemo we IRS unorambidza kutengesa chibatiso nekurasikirwa uye kutengazve zvakafanana kana kuchengetedzwa kwakafanana mukati memazuva makumi matatu pamberi kana mushure mekutengesa.
Kunzwisisa mirau iyi hakusi kwekutevedzera chete; ndezvekuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo dzinoenderana nezvinangwa zvako zvekudyara uye kushivirira njodzi. Munyika ino yakaoma uye inonakidza yekutengeserana kwemasheya, ruzivo zvechokwadi isimba.
3. Advanced Stock Trading Concepts
Kunyura mukati menyika yekutengeserana kwemasheya, tinosvika kunzvimbo ye yepamusoro yekutengesa pfungwa. Pano, mutambo unowedzera, uye matanho anowedzera. Iwe hausisiri mutsva trader, asi ari kukura anotora chikamu mumusika wemasheya ane simba ecosystem.
Short kutengesa ndeimwe pfungwa yepamusoro. Apa ndipo paunokwereta zvikamu zve stock kubva ku a broker uye wozvitengesa pakarepo nemutengo wazvino. Tariro ndeyokuti mutengo wematengo uchadonha, zvichiita kuti iwe utenge masheya kumashure nemutengo wakaderera uye kudzorera zvikamu zvakakweretwa kune broker, kuisa mutsauko muhomwe. Nekudaro, zano iri rinouya nenjodzi huru. Kana mutengo wemasheya uchikwira panzvimbo yekudonha, unogona kupedzisira warasikirwa nemari yakawanda.
Imwe pfungwa yepamusoro ndeye sarudzo dzekutengesa. Sarudzo dzinokupa kodzero yekutenga kana kutengesa stock nemutengo wakagara watemwa mukati menguva yakatarwa. Kusiyana nekuva nestock zvachose, hausungirwe kutenga kana kutengesa; une sarudzo yekuzviita kana zvichikubatsira. Sarudzo dzekutengesa dzinogona kuve dzakaoma uye dzine njodzi, asi kana dzaitwa nemazvo, inogona kuve chishandiso chine simba mune yako yekutengesa arsenal.
kumahombekombe wokutengesera imwezve pfungwa yepamusoro. Izvi zvinosanganisira kukwereta mari kubva kune yako broker kutenga masheya. Izvi zvinogona kukwidziridza purofiti yako, asi zvakare inogona kuwedzera kurasikirwa kwako. Iro nzira ine njodzi huru inoda kunzwisiswa kwakasimba kwemusika uye kuomarara manejimendi enjodzi.
Pakupedzisira, pane pfungwa yokuti algorithmic kutengesa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa yakaoma algorithms kuita otomatiki zvokutengeserana nzira. Aya maalgorithms anogona kuongorora musika data nekumhanya kwemheni uye kuita trades zvichibva pane zvakafanotaurwa. Inzira yakaomesesa yekutengeserana, asi haisi yemunhu wese.
Mafungiro epamusoro aya haasi evane moyo wakaneta. Vanoda kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemusika, kushivirira kwakanyanya kune njodzi, uye nzira yakarongeka yekutengesa. Asi kune avo vanoda kutora kunyura, vanopa mukana wemibairo yakakosha.
3.1. Kutengesa Kapfupi
Munyika inotyisa yekutengeserana kwemasheya, pane zano rinowanzo kusimudza tsiye asi richibata mukana wekuwana purofiti yakakosha: short selling. Kusiyana neyechinyakare kutenga-yakaderera-kutengesa-yepamusoro maitiro, kutengesa kupfupi kunopepeta script, kubvumira traders kuwana purofiti kubva mukuderera kwemasheya. Heano maitiro azvinoita: A trader inokwereta zvikamu zvestock kubva ku a broker uye pakarepo anoatengesa mumusika wakashama. Kana mutengo wemasheya uchidonha, iyo trader anotengazve migove nemutengo wakaderera, anodzosera ku broker, uye muhomwe musiyano.
Inonzwika nyore, handiti? Kwete nekukurumidza. Short kutengesa inotakura njodzi huru. Kana mutengo wemari ukawedzera panzvimbo yekudonha, iyo trader anofanira kutenga zvakare migove nemutengo wepamusoro, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa. Kupfuurirazve, kurasikirwa kungangoitika hakuna muganho sezvo mutengo wemasheya uchikwira nekusingaperi.
Pasinei nenjodzi idzi, kutengesa kupfupi kunogona kuve chishandiso chine simba mu trader's arsenal. Zvinobvumira traders kuvharira kurasikirwa kungangoitika mupotfolio yavo uye inogona kupa mikana yekuita pundutso mumusika wemabheya. Zvisinei, zvinoda kunyatsoongorora, kunyatsonzwisisa maitiro emusika, uye dumbu rakasimba rengozi.
Short kutengesa haizi yevane moyo yakaneta. Iwo mutambo wepamusoro-soro unotambwa nevaya vanoshinga kutamba vasina chokwadi uye vanobudirira mukunakidzwa kwemusika usingafungidzike. Asi kune avo vanozvigona, mibayiro inogona kuva yakakura. Saka, nguva inotevera paunoona mutengo wemasheya uchidonha, rangarira - imwe trader's downfall inogona kungova imwe yegoridhe mukana.
3.2. Margin Trading
Margin business chishandiso chine simba chinogona kuwedzera purofiti yako mumusika wemasheya. Zvakafanana nemutambo wepoker wepamusoro-soro, uko mibairo inogona kuve inokwezva sezvo njodzi dziri kutyisa. Pakati payo, kutengeserana kwemargin kunosanganisira kukwereta mari yekutenga mamwe masheya kupfuura iwe yaunokwanisa kuwana nemari yako iripo.
Hezvino mashandiro azvinoita: unoisa imwe mari muaccount account neyako broker. Iyi dhipoziti inoshanda sechibatiso. Your broker wobva wakupa imwe mari, kazhinji inosvika 50% yehuwandu hwemutengo wekutenga waunoda kuita.
Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kutenga $10,000 inokosha yeimwe stock, unogona kuisa $5,000 mumariji account yako uye kukwereta $5,000 yasara kubva kune yako. broker. Nenzira iyi, uri kunyatsopeta kaviri simba rako rekudyara.
Asi heino kubata: kana mutengo wemasheya uchidzika, unogona kupedzisira wava nechikwereti chemari kupfuura yawakatanga kuisa mari. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iwe uchazofanira kubhadhara yako broker mari yawakwereta, zvisinei nekuti masheya anoita sei.
Margin business haizi yevane moyo yakaneta. Inzira ine njodzi, yakakwirira-mubairo wakanyatsokodzera kune vane ruzivo traders vanogona dumbu kurasikirwa kunogona kuitika. Usati wanyura mukati, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise zvizere njodzi dziripo uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti une hurongwa hwakasimba hwekutarisira njodzi munzvimbo.
Rangarira, nepo kukwezva kwepurofiti inokurumidza kukwezva, zvakakoshawo kufunga nezve zvinogona kuderera. Musika wemari haufungidzirike, uye kunyange yakanyanyisa traders haigone kunyatsofanotaura mafambiro ayo. Naizvozvo, zvine hungwaru nguva dzose kuenda kune margin yekutengesa nekuchenjerera.
Kutengeserana kweMargin zvechokwadi kunogona kuve chishandiso chine simba mune yako yekutengesa arsenal, asi senge maturusi ese, inofanirwa kubatwa nehanya. Saka, usati wanyura mukati, ita shuwa kuti waita basa rako rechikoro, nzwisisa njodzi, uye wakagadzirira zvese zvinogoneka.
3.3. Stock Options
Kunyura mukati menyika yemasheya, ngationgororei inonakidza nzvimbo ye Sarudzo dzeStock. Izvi zvishandiso zvemari zvinopa traders imwe nzira yekuwana purofiti kubva mukufamba kwemusika wemasheya, pasina kuva nemasheya ari pasi pawo. Sarudzo dzeStock zvibvumirano zvinopa muridzi kodzero, asi kwete chisungo, kutenga kana kutengesa imwe stock nemutengo wakatemerwa, unozivikanwa semutengo wekuramwa, zuva rekupera kwekondirakiti risati rasvika.
Sarudzo dzekufona uye isa sarudzo ndiwo maviri emhando dzekutanga dze stock sarudzo. Kana iwe uchitenda kuti mutengo wemasheya uchakwira, unogona kutenga imwe yekufona, iyo inokupa iwe kodzero yekutenga stock pamutengo wekuramwa. Pamusoro peflip side, kana iwe uchifungidzira kuti mutengo wemari uchadonha, unogona kutenga sarudzo yekuisa, iyo inokupa iwe kodzero yekutengesa masheya pamutengo wekuramwa.
Chii chinoita kuti mastock esarudzo anyanye kunakidza ndiko kuwedzera kwadzo. Sezvo chibvumirano chesarudzo chinowanzo kudzora zvikamu zana zvezviyo zviri pasi, mutengo wekutengesa mudiki muzvitoro unogona kuguma nechikamu chikuru chekuwana (kana kurasikirwa) mukukosha kwesarudzo. Kuwedzera uku kunobvumira traders kuti uwane madzoro akakura, kunyangwe nenjodzi yakawedzera.
Kukosha kwechisarudzo chekutengesa kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira mutengo wezvino westock, mutengo wekutengesa, nguva kusvika pakupera, uye kusagadzikana kwekutengesa. Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kunogona kukubatsira kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo uye kugadzira nzira dzekutengesa dzinoshanda.
Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kunyangwe sarudzo dzemasheya dzichigona kupa mibairo yakakura, dzinotakurawo njodzi huru. Naizvozvo, vangave vasina kukodzera kune vese vanoisa mari. Usati wanyura mune sarudzo dzemasheya, zvinokurudzirwa kunyatso tsvagisa uye kunyatsonzwisisa izvi zvakaoma zvemari zviridzwa.
Munyika ine simba yekutengeserana kwemasheya, sarudzo dzemasheya dzinomiririra imwe nhanho yekuoma uye mukana. Kunyangwe ichishandiswa kufungidzira, kuvharidzira, kana kuunza mari, vanopa chishandiso chinogoneka chekufambisa mamiriro emusika wemasheya anogara achichinja.
3.4. ETFs uye Mutual Funds
Exchange-Traded Mari (ETFs) uye Mutual Funds imotokari mbiri dzekudyara dzinopa dzakasiyana-siyana portfolio yemasheya, mabhondi, kana zvimwe zvinhu. Iwo akafanana mukuti iwo ese anomiririra muunganidzwa wekudyara, asi iwo akasiyana mumabatirwo aanoitwa uye traded.
ETFs ndivo traded pakuchinjana semasheya ega ega uye mutengo wawo unochinja muzuva rese rekutengesa. Ivo vanozivikanwa nekuchinjika kwavo sezvo vachigona kutengwa uye kutengeswa chero nguva panguva yemusika. ETFs inowanzova nemitengo yakaderera uye inobhadhara mutero kupfuura mutual funds, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakakurumbira kune vanobhadhara mari.
Pane rimwe divi, Mutual Funds anowanzo tungamirirwa nesimba, zvichireva kuti fund manager anoita sarudzo dzekugovera sei zvinhu muhomwe. Vari traded kamwe chete pazuva mushure mekunge musika wavhara, pamutengo weiyo asset value (NAV) mutengo. Mari yekutengeserana inogona kudiwa mari shoma uye inogona kutakura zviyero zvakadhura kupfuura ETFs. Nekudaro, ivo vanowanzokurudzirwa kune venguva refu vatengesi vanofarira nzira yekubvisa maoko uye vanoda kubhadhara kune manejimendi manejimendi.
Muchidimbu, zvose ETFs uye Mutual Funds zvinopa kusiyana-siyana, izvo zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza ngozi. Sarudzo pakati peETFs neMutual Funds zvinoenderana nezvinangwa zvako zvekudyara, kushivirira njodzi, uye zano rekudyara. Sezvo a trader, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kusiyana uku kuti uite sarudzo dzine ruzivo pamusoro pekuisa mari yako. Pasinei nokuti unosarudza ETFs, Mutual Funds, kana musanganiswa wezvose, yeuka kuti mari yose inotakura imwe nhanho yengozi uye zvakakosha kuti uite tsvakurudzo yako usati waisa mari.
3.5. Dividends uye Stock Splits
Sezvo iwe uchipinda munyika yekutengeserana kwemasheya, mazwi maviri aunowanzosangana nawo ndeaya zvikamu uye stock inotsemuka. Ngatitarisei kumashure maturu pane izvi zvakakosha-zvese zvinhu zvekutengesa kwemasheya.
Zvikamu chikamu chemihoro yekambani inogoverwa kune vanogovana. Iyo inzira yekuti makambani agoverane kubudirira kwavo neavo vakaisa mari mavari. Migove inogona kuve yakakosha sosi yemari, kunyanya kune avo vakaisa mari mumakambani akagadzikana, anobhadhara-anobhadhara. Nekudaro, haazi ese makambani anobhadhara migove, kunyanya iwo ari muzvikamu zvekukura vanosarudza kudzoreredza purofiti yavo mubhizinesi.
Kune rumwe rutivi, a stock split idanho rine hungwaru rinoitwa nekambani kuwedzera huwandu hwemasheya ayo nekugovanisa masheya ayo aripo. Semuenzaniso, mune 2-for-1 stock split, kune yega yega yaunayo, iwe uchagamuchira imwe yekuwedzera. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kunyange izvi zvichiwedzera huwandu hwezvikamu zvaunazvo, kukosha kwese kwekudyara kwako kunoramba kwakafanana nemutengo wega wega uchidzikira zvakaenzanirana.
Nepo migove ichipa mabhenefiti emari akananga, kupatsanurwa kwemasheya kunogona kuita kuti migove iwanikwe kune vadiki vatengesi nekudzikisa mutengo pachikamu. Zvose zvikamu uye kuparadzaniswa kwemasheya zvinogona kukanganisa mutengo wekambani uye naizvozvo zvinhu zvakakosha zvekufunga nezvekudyara kwako.
yeuka, kunzwisisa idzi pfungwa kwakakosha pakuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo mumusika wemasheya. Saka, ramba uchidzidza, gara uchida kuziva, uye rega nyika yemasheya iparare pamberi pako.
